As you might have guessed this attack is done is 2 phases. Shielding software from privileged sidechannel attacks usenix. Masking techniques are employed to counter sidechannel attacks that are based on multiple measurements of the same operation on di. Ccs concepts security and privacy sidechannel analysis and countermeasures. Research on cachebased side channel attacks shows the security impact of these attacks on cloud computing. How secure is your cache against sidechannel attacks. Identitybased cryptographic algorithm sm9, which has become the main part of the isoiec 148883amd1 standard in november 2017, employs the identities of users to generate publicprivate key pairs. As customers lose control over their data as soon as they move that to cloud, customers must make sure that the data stored in cloud is encrypted and if possible should retain the keys with them only. Security, side channel, cache, cache replacement acm reference format. Of course, we will also talk about the counter measures from software, hardware and algorithms. Crypto is especially seal, measured the beams modulation, and recreated the conversations in the room. More broadly, the paper shows that speculative execution implementations violate the security assumptions underpinning numerous software security mechanisms, including operating system process separation, containerization, justintime jit compilation, and countermeasures to cache timing and side channel attacks.
Thwarting cache sidechannel attacks through dynamic. Jan 08, 2015 and in several applications, such as normal spellchecking, grammarchecking and displayupdating, the existing software is sufficient for a successful attack. More recently, sidechannel attacks have become a powerful threat to cryptography. Finally, the application of sidechannel attacks through power analysis and countermeasures to sidechannel attacks including masking are discussed, followed by formulation of a hypothesis regarding the resistance of scream to sidechannel attacks. Aborted systemwide during normal activity and comparing the output to the same test with the kaslrfinder side channel attack running. In the software world, sidechannel attacks have sometimes been dismissed as impractical. The tempature alert thing may work, however you must do this on the bios level. By coresident means that the vm has to be in the same host.
Thwarting cache sidechannel attacks through dynamic software diversity stephen crane, andrei homescu, stefan brunthaler, per larsen, and michael franz. And in several applications, such as normal spellchecking, grammarchecking and displayupdating, the existing software is sufficient for a successful attack. Softwareinitiated fault attacks currently a rare class of sidechannels, row hammer is an example. Cachebased sidechannel attacks detection through intel. Researchers work to counter a new class of coffee shop hackers. Side channel attack an overview sciencedirect topics. A realtime sidechannel attack detection system in clouds 3 compared to past work, cloudradar has several advantages. However, there is the trained of combining side channel attack, with active attacks, to improved efficiency and effectiveness of the attack. Sidechannel attacks on cryptographic software vulnerable to sidechannel attacks because of its strict requirements for absolute secrecy.
Real time detection of cachebased sidechannel attacks using. Side channel analysis techniques are of concern because the attacks can be mounted quickly and can sometimes be implemented using readily available hardware costing from only a few hundred dollars to thousands of dollars. May 10, 2016 the first half of this talk is about stateoftheart cache side channel attacks. Dpa countermeasures many electronic devices that use cryptography are susceptible to side channel attacks, including spa and dpa. A new side channel attack on directional branch predictor. The result is a test setup which enables an attacker to mount a side channel attack for less than 30 euros. Detect the sidechannel attack during the placement phase only. First placement of malicious vm as coresident to target vm. In this thesis, we further investigate existing and novel sidechannel attacks to develop effective countermeasures against softwarebased side.
One partial countermeasure against simple power attacks, but not differential poweranalysis attacks, is to design the software so that it is pcsecure in the. Sidechannel attacks and countermeasures for identity. The amount of time required for the attack and analysis depends on. A highly effective data preprocessing in sidechannel. Bios can watch the system tempature and if its very low it can wipe the memory. Threshold implementations against sidechannel attacks and. A common strategy for designing countermeasures against poweranalysis based sidechannel attacks is using random masking techniques to remove the. The role of physical security in iot internet of things. Power analysis is a branch of side channel attacks where power consumption data is used as the side channel to attack the system. In this paper, the implementation of sm9 algorithm and. Binary ringlwe hardware with power sidechannel countermeasures. Keywords cache, sidechannel attack, security modeling, quanti. Popular softwarebased countermeasures against timingbased sidechannel attacks include the program counter 25 and the constanttime1 9 policies.
In this case, a software running on os cant do its work. A realtime side channel attack detection system in clouds 3 compared to past work, cloudradar has several advantages. However, new system architecture features, such as larger cache sizes and multicore proces. In this chapter, we focus on different side channel attack modalities in hardware implementations of cryptographic algorithms. Tunstall 1 department of computer science, university of bristol, merchant venturers building, woodland road, bristol, bs8 1ub, united kingdom. Previously, networkbased timing attacks against ssl were the only side channel attack most software. Automated and adjustable sidechannel protection for. Cache side channels computer science and engineering. Layered security for the next one trillion devices arm.
In fact, many side channel attacks target cryptographic keys partly because its a little bit tricky to get lots of data through a side channel. Recently, sidechannel attacks are being discovered in more general settings that violate user privacy. Currently, there is no mention in the open literature of hackers using sidechannel attacks, but the researchers believe its only a matter of time before that happens. Researchers published details of two new types of attacks that can affect amd processors from 20112019. In proceedings of isca 17, toronto, on, canada, june 2428, 2017, 14 pages. Mar 09, 2020 researchers published details of two new types of attacks that can affect amd processors from 20112019. A sidechannel is an unintentional channel providing information about the internal activity of the chip, for example power consumption or em emissions. A new sidechannel attack on directional branch predictor.
Power analysis is a branch of side channel attacks where power consumption data is. Origin of sidechannel attacks information security. Timing information, such as how long a new network connection takes to establish, can inform an attacker if a flow rule exists or not. In a common attack, the adversary monitors cpu caches to infer secretdependent data accesses patterns. A side channel is an unintentional channel providing information about the internal activity of the chip, for example power consumption or em emissions. Side channel attacks and countermeasures for embedded. Arm securcore sc300 provides a processor with embedded counter measures against side channel attacks and fault injections to protect against physical attacks. Fourq on embedded devices with strong countermeasures.
The attack compromises a network element to redirect traffic flows and allow eavesdropping. After my presentation with nishat herath last year at black hat i published my private comments to that slide deck and that was well received. When it comes to cryptographic software, side channels are. This attack is directed to compromise iaas by placing a virtual machine coresident to the victim vm and then it targets cryptographic implementation in system. Branchscope also allows the attacker to pollute the branch predictor and control the victims branch outcome, which is a capability similar in flavor to the attack that enabled spectre 2, which our group was also. As such, our work is a rst step towards e cient, principled countermeasures against side channel attacks. Therefore, the detection of cachebased side channel attacks has received more attention in iaas cloud infrastructures because of improvements in the attack techniques. In 40, the attacker needs to launch the encryption kernel on gpu and measure the whole kernel execution time on its own process on cpu side, totally different than our threat model that investigates side channel between two concurrent apps on the gpu. Tools for the evaluation and choice of countermeasures against. In 1964 us counterintelligence found 64 microphones and a large metal grid in the. In a timing attack, the attacker learns the total time taken by the computation. Attacker can start this attack while computer is shutting down.
Introduction to side channel attacks side channel attacks. In 1964 us counter intelligence found 64 microphones and a large metal grid in the. Cache sidechannel attacks resemble benign memory intensive applica. Arm provides a number of software and hardwarebased counter. And cryptographic keys are one situation where getting a small number of bits helps you a lot. Side channel attacks on smartphones and embedded devices.
This paper aims at presenting a new countermeasure against sidechannel analysis sca attacks, whose implementation is based on a hardwaresoftware. Maximizing h i gives an optimal sidechannel attack. Computer systems organization processors and memory architectures. Many research studies have contributed to improve the side channel attack efficiency, in which most of the works assume the noise of the encryption signal has a linear stable gaussian distribution. Project to learn and demonstrate side channel attack technique in cryptography. Cpu design as a security problem end of may i had the opportunity to present my research on cache side channel attacks at the hack in the box conference. Amd processors vulnerable to two new types of sidechannel. Mengjia yan, bhargava gopireddy, thomas shull, josep torrellas. Side channel attacks and countermeasures for embedded systems. Threat model since side channel attacks often target secret keys of a process performing encryption, in this paper we assume that an attacker is targeting such a secret key. A brief peek into the fascinating world of side channel. By ensuring all branches take a constant amount of time regardless of the value of the bits, such information leakage can be prevented.
In fact, many sidechannel attacks target cryptographic keys partly because its a little bit tricky to get lots of data through a sidechannel. Probably most important side channel because of bandwith, size and central position in computer. Another countermeasure under the first category is to use security analysis software to identify certain classes of side channel attacks. Sidechannel analysis of brlwe is different from rlwe as parts of the secret key coef. Chapter 16, on the other hand, covers side channels in a processor microarchitecture, which can be controlled by a software, and are visible through it. The notion of program counter security pcsecurity is motivated by the following side channel attacks. More broadly, the paper shows that speculative execution implementations violate the security assumptions underpinning numerous software security mechanisms, including operating system process separation, containerization, justintime jit compilation, and countermeasures to cache timing and sidechannel attacks. Detecting spectre and meltdown using hardware performance. Keywords branch predictor, attack, sidechannel, sgx, microarchitecture security, timing attacks, performance counters acm reference format. Sidechannel attack, countermeasure, cache, timing, static analysis. Known defenses have major limitations, as they require either errorprone developer assistance, incur extremely high runtime overhead, or prevent only specific attacks. Automated software protection for the masses against sidechannel.
In computer security, a sidechannel attack is any attack based on information gained from the. Dmitry evtyushkin, ryan riley, nael abughazaleh, and dmitry ponomarev. Most cache attacks target cryptographic implementations and even full key recovery attacks crosscore, crossvm in. Origin of sidechannel attacks information security stack. The victim performs some kind of cryptographic operation i. Thwarting cache sidechannel attacks through dynamic software. Dpa countermeasures many electronic devices that use cryptography are susceptible to sidechannel attacks, including spa and dpa. Keywords branch predictor, attack, side channel, sgx, microarchitecture security, timing attacks, performance counters acm reference format. Fourq on embedded devices with strong countermeasures against. Because sidechannel attacks rely on the relationship between information emitted leaked through a side channel and the secret data, countermeasures fall into two main categories. Secure network elements and its communication channels with strong encryption. Most currently known techniques require new random values after every nonlinear operation and they are not e.
Many software and hardware countermeasures against sidechannel attacks have. In this paper we present a general mitigation strategy that focuses on the infrastructure used to measure side channel leaks rather than the source of leaks, and thus applies. Side channel attacks on cryptographic chips in embedded systems have been attracting considerable interest from the field of information security in recent years. Secure hierarchyaware cache replacement policy sharp. A tool for the static analysis of cache sidechannels. Second, we engineer a set of sidechannel countermeasures taking advantage of fourqs rich arithmetic and propose a secure implementation that o ers protection against a wide range of sophisticated sidechannel attacks, including di erential power analysis dpa. It is named sidechannel, thus, as it solves the problem using a method that does not follow the intended attacking path. Hackers used a timing attack against a secret key stored in the xbox360 cpu to forge an authenticator and load their own code. Attack synthesis lucas bang dissertation defense committee. Performance counters were originally designed for software debugging and. Side channel analysis is a noninvasive attack which involves an attacker analyzing power signature or electro magnetic radiation emanating from an ic. Timing information, power consumption, electromagnetic leaks or even sound can provide an extra source of. Real time detection of cachebased sidechannel attacks. What intel have said is generally correct with respect to branchscope being a sidechannel attack, abughazaleh said.
Some background on electrical engineering will be helpful to understand the mechanisms of information leak through different types of side channels. A realtime sidechannel attack detection system in clouds. A brief peek into the fascinating world of side channel attacks. The entities involved in this attack are usually two processes. Cache side channel attacks are attacks enabled by the micro architecturual design of the cpu. In computer security, a side channel attack is any attack based on information gained from the implementation of a computer system, rather than weaknesses in the implemented algorithm itself e. The network elements at the data plane can be the target of this attack. First, cloudradar focuses on the root causes of cachebased sidechannel attacks and hence is hard to evade using di erent attack code, while maintaining a. A sidechannel attack is one that solves the captcha but not the ai problem it is based on, therefore not improving the state of the art on ai 52. Eliminating timing sidechannel leaks using program repair arxiv. Because these side channels are part of hardware design they are notoriously difficult to defeat.
In many cases, especially those due to timing, one common way to address a side channel attack is by changing the software implementation. The first half of this talk is about stateoftheart cache sidechannel attacks. Side channel attacks are also passive as the attacker will be monitoring the normal operation of the chip. Side channel attacks break the secret key of a cryptosystem using channels such as sound, heat, time and power consumption which are originally not intended to leak such information. Aborted counter has a very high signaltonoise ratio and looks promising. In computer security, a sidechannel attack is any attack based on.